The impact of young age on breast cancer outcome

Abstract 

Aims

We conducted a retrospective analysis in order to evaluate the impact of age on women aged less than 35 years affected by breast cancer.

Materials and methods

Between January 1972 and December 2006, 346 patients aged less than 35 years underwent adjuvant treatment at Florence University. The mean age of the patient population was 32 years (range 22–35): 76 patients were under 30 years old, the remaining were above 30 years old.

Results

In our series, 215 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy to whole breast after conservative surgery, 131 patients underwent mastectomy without subsequent radiation therapy and 323 patients had lymphadenectomy; 191 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, 73 with anthracycline-containing regimen. With a median time of 2.5 years (range 6 months to 27.6 years) local relapses were observed in 67 cases (19.4%). At the multivariate analysis of local disease-free survival, ductal and ductal plus lobular histotypes, having more than 3 positive nodes, and age emerged as independent significant relapse predictors (p=0.018, p=0.0005, p=0.003 and p=0.024, respectively). For the DSS analysis, the median follow-up was 6.8 years (range 0.6–36.7 years). At the multivariate analysis, age (p=0.0038), positive nodes (p=0.0035) and distant metastases (p<0.0001) resulted to be independent death predictors. Patients younger than 30 had a worse prognosis. At the univariate analysis also local relapse resulted to be statistically significant (p=0.0004).

Conclusions

Anthracycline-based chemotherapy seems to improve the outcome of these patients. However, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment investigations within the framework of randomized, controlled clinical trials.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Young patients, Radiation therapy, Anthracyclines, Mastectomy, Breast-conserving surgery