European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 36, Issue 5 , Pages 439-446 , May 2010

Super-extended (D3) lymphadenectomy in advanced gastric cancer

  • F. Roviello

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, ITT, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, Italy
    • ,
  • C. Pedrazzani

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, ITT, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Dipartimento di Patologia Umana e Oncologia, Sezione di Chirurgia Oncologica, Policlinico ‘Le Scotte’, 53100 Siena, Italy. Tel.: +39 577 585156; fax: +39 577 233337.
    • ,
  • D. Marrelli

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, ITT, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, Italy
    • ,
  • A. Di Leo

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
    • ,
  • S. Caruso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, ITT, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, Italy
    • ,
  • S. Giacopuzzi

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Surgery, University of Verona, Italy
    • ,
  • G. Corso

      Affiliations

    • Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, Unit of Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, ITT, Istituto Toscano Tumouri, Italy
    • ,
  • G. de Manzoni

      Affiliations

    • Department of General Surgery, University of Verona, Italy

,Accepted 22 March 2010.

References 

  1. Maruyama K, Okabayashi K, Kinoshita T. Progress in gastric cancer surgery in Japan and its limits of radicality. World J Surg. 1987;11:418–425
  2. Bonenkamp JJ, Hermans M, Sasako M, van de Velde CJH. Extended lymph-node dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:908–914
  3. Cuschieri A, Weeden S, Fielding J, et al. Patient survival after D1 and D2 resections for gastric cancer: long-term results of the MRC randomized surgical trial. Surgical Co-operative Group. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:1522–1530
  4. Wu CW, Hsiung CA, Lo SS, et al. Nodal dissection for patients with gastric cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:309–315
  5. Siewert JR, Bottcher K, Roder JD, et al. Prognostic relevance of systematic lymph node dissection in gastric carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1993;80:1015–1018
  6. Roukos DH, Lorenz M, Encke A. Evidence of survival benefit of extended (D2) lymphadenectomy in Western patients with gastric cancer based on a new concept: a prospective long-term follow-up study. Surgery. 1997;123:573–578
  7. Roviello F, Marrelli D, Morgagni P, et al. Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer Survival benefit of extended D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer with involvement of second level lymph nodes: a longitudinal multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9:894–900
  8. de Manzoni G, Verlato G, Guglielmi A, et al. Prognostic significance of lymph node dissection in gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 1996;83:1604–1607
  9. Marrelli D, De Stefano A, de Manzoni G, et al. Italian research group for gastric cancer. Prediction of recurrence after radical surgery for gastric cancer: a scoring system obtained from a prospective multicenter study. Ann Surg. 2005;241:247–255
  10. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) . The new Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. 2nd English edition Gastric Cancer. 1998;1:1–15
  11. Marrelli D, Pedrazzani C, Neri A, et al. Complications after extended (D2) and superextended (D3) lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: analysis of potential risk factors. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:25–33
  12. Pedrazzani C, de Manzoni G, Marrelli D, et al. Lymph node involvement in advanced gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;134:378–385
  13. McCulloch P, Nita ME, Kazi H, Gama-Rodrigues J. Extended versus limited lymph nodes dissection technique for adenocarcinoma of the stomach (Cochrane Review). In: The cochrane library. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2003;Issue 4
  14. Wu CW, Hsiung CA, Lo SS, et al. Randomized clinical trial of morbidity after D1 and D3 surgery for gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2004;91:283–287
  15. Roviello F, Marrelli D, de Manzoni G, et al. Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer Prospective study of peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer. Br J Surg. 2001;90:1113–1119
  16. Hartgrink HH, van de Velde CJ, Putter H, et al. Extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: who may benefit? Final results of the randomized Dutch gastric cancer group trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2069–2077
  17. Macdonald JS, Smalley SR, Benedetti J, et al. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:725–730
  18. Marubini E, Bozzetti F, Miceli R, et al. The Italian Gastrointestinal Tumour Study Group Lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer: prognostic role and therapeutic implications. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2002;28:406–412
  19. Maruyama K, Gunven P, Okabayashi K, et al. Lymph node metastases of gastric cancer. General pattern in 1931 patients. Ann Surg. 1989;210:596–602
  20. Bunt AMG, Hermans J, Smit VTH, et al. Surgical/pathologic-stage migration confounds comparisons of gastric cancer survival rates between Japan and Western countries. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:19–25
  21. Harrison LE, Karpeh MS, Brennan MF. Extended lymphadenectomy is associated with a survival benefit for node-negative gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 1998;2:126–131
  22. de Manzoni G, Verlato G, Roviello F, et al. Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer The new TNM classification of lymph node metastasis minimizes stage migration problems in gastric cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2002;87:171–174
  23. Kitamura K, Nishida S, Yamamoto K, et al. Lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach. Surgical treatment on the basis of the anatomical distribution of positive node. Hepatogastroenterology. 1998;45:281–285
  24. Kunisaki C, Shimada H, Yamaoka H, et al. Indication for paraaortic lymph node dissection in gastric cancer patients with paraortic lymph node involvement. Hepatogastroenterology. 2000;47:586–589
  25. Maeta M, Yamashiro H, Saito H, et al. A prospective pilot study of extended (D3) and superextended para-aortic lymphadenectomy (D4) in patients with T3 or T4 gastric cancer managed by total gastrectomy. Surgery. 1999;125:325–331
  26. Degiuli M, Sasako M, Calgaro M, et al. Morbidity and mortality after D1 and D2 gastrectomy for cancer: interim analysis of the Italian Gastric Cancer Study Group (IGCSG) randomised surgical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2004;30:303–308
  27. Sano T, Sasako M, Yamamoto S, et al. Gastric cancer surgery: morbidity and mortality results from a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing D2 and extended para-aortic lymphadenectomy – Japan clinical oncology group study 9501. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:2767–2773
  28. Kulig J, Popiela T, Kolodziejczyk P, Sierzega M, Szczepanik A Polish Gastric Cancer Study Group. Standard D2 versus extended D2 (D2+) lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: an interim safety analysis of a multicenter, randomized, clinical trial. Am J Surg. 2007;193:10–15
  29. Pacelli F, Doglietto GB, Bellantone R, et al. Extensive versus limited lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: a comparative study of 320 patients. Br J Surg. 1993;80:1153–1156
  30. Sasako M, Sano T, Yamamoto S, et al. Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) D2 lymphadenectomy alone or with para-aortic nodal dissection for gastric cancer. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:453–462

PII: S0748-7983(10)00064-8

doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.03.008

European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 36, Issue 5 , Pages 439-446 , May 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution