European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 35, Issue 3 , Pages 223-229 , March 2009

Management of the clinically negative neck (N0) of supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma: A systematic review

,Accepted 1 April 2008.

References 

  1. Brasilino de Carvalho M. Quantitative analysis of the extent of extracapsular invasion and its prognostic significance: a prospective study of 170 cases of carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. Head Neck. 1998;20(1):16–21
  2. Hahn SS, Spaulding CA, Kim JA, Constable WC. The prognostic significance of lymph node involvement in pyriform sinus and supraglottic cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1987;13:1143–1147
  3. Zamora RL, Harvey JE, Sessions DG, Spitznagel EL. Clinical staging for primary malignancies of the supraglottic larynx. Laryngoscope. 1993;103:69–77
  4. Santos CR, Kowalski LP, Magrin J, et al. Prognostic factors in supraglottic carcinoma patients treated by surgery or radiotherapy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1998;107:697–702
  5. Moe K, Wolf GT, Fisher SG, Hong WK. Regional metastases in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:644–648
  6. Petrovic Z, Krejovic BK, Janosevic S. Occult metastases from supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol. 1997;22:522–524
  7. Hicks WL, Kollmorgen DR, Kuriakose MA, et al. Patterns of nodal metastasis and surgical management of the neck in supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999;121(1):57–61
  8. Gallo O, Fini-Storchi I, Napolitano L. Treatment of the contralateral negative neck in supraglottic cancer patients with unilateral nodemetastases (N1–3). Head Neck. 2000;22:386–392
  9. Redaelli de Zinis LO, Nicolai P, Barezzani MG, Tomenzoli D, Antonelli AR. Incidenza e distribuzione delle metastasi linfonodali nel carcinoma laringeo sopraglottico: implicazioni terapeutiche. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 1994;14:19–27
  10. Cole I, Hughes L. The relationship of cervical lymph node metastases to primary sites of carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: a pathological study. ANZ J Surg. 1997;67:860–865
  11. Buckley JG, MacLennan K. Cervical node metastases in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer: a prospective analysis of prevalence and distribution. Head Neck. 2000;22:380–385
  12. McGavran MH, Bauer WC, Ogura JH. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastases from epidermoid carcinoma of the larynx and their relationship to certain characteristics of the primary tumor. A study based on the clinical and pathological findings for 96 patients treated by primary en bloc laryngectomy and radical neck dissection. Cancer. 1961;14:55–66
  13. Candela FC, Shah J, Jacques DP, Shah JP. Patterns of cervical node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the larynx. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:432–435
  14. Li XM, Wei WI, Guo XF, Yuen PW, Lam LK. Cervical lymph node metastatic patterns of squamous carcinomas in the upper aerodigestive tract. J Laryngol Otol. 1996;110:937–941
  15. Brazilian Head and Neck Cancer Study Group. End results of a prospective trial on elective lateral neck dissection vs type III modified radical neck dissection in the management of supraglottic and transglottic carcinomas. Head Neck. 1999;21:694–702
  16. Skolnik EM, Yee KF, Friedman M, Golden TA. The posterior triangle in radical neck surgery. Arch Otolaryngol. 1976;102:1–4
  17. Feldman DE, Applebaum EL. The submandibular triangle in radical neck dissection. Arch Otolaryngol. 1977;103:705–706
  18. Werner JA, Dunne AA, Myers J. Functional anatomy of the lymphatic drainage system of the upper aerodigestive tract and its role in metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2003;25:322–332
  19. Goffinet DR, Gilbert EH, Weller SA, Bagshaw MA. Irradiation of clinically uninvolved cervical lymph nodes. Can J Otolaryngol. 1975;4(5):927–933
  20. Andersen PE, Cambronero E, Shaha AR, Shah JP. The extent of neck disease after regional failure during observation of the N0 neck. Am J Surg. 1996;172:689–691
  21. Mira E, Benazzo M, Rossi V, Zanoletti E. Efficacy of selective lymph node dissection in clinically negative neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127:279–283
  22. Buckley JG, Feber T. Surgical treatment of cervical node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: evaluation of the evidence for modifications of neck dissection. Head Neck. 2001;3:907–915
  23. Sessions DG, Lenox J, Spector GJ. Supraglottic laryngeal cancer: analysis of treatment results. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(8):1402–1410
  24. Orus C, Leon X, Vega M, Quer M. Initial treatment of the early stages (I, II) of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma: partial laryngectomy versus radiotherapy. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;257(9):512–516
  25. Spriano G, Antognoni P, Piantanida R, et al. Conservative management of T1-T2N0 supraglottic cancer: a retrospective study. Am J Otolaryngol. 1997;18(5):299–305
  26. Baredes S, Nussbaum M, Som ML. The role of supraomohyoid neck dissection at the time of supraglottic laryngectomy. Laryngoscope. 1985;95(2):151–155
  27. Gregor RT, Oei SS, Baris G, Keus RB, Balm AJ, Hilgers FJ. Supraglottic laryngectomy with postoperative radiation versus primary radiation in the management of supraglottic laryngeal cancer. Am J Otolaryngol. 1996;17(5):316–321
  28. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008–2012
  29. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.6, p. 79–91. http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbook/hbook.htm
  30. Duchateau L, Pignon JP, Bijnens L, Bertin S, Bourhis J, Sylvester R. Individual patient- versus literature-based meta-analysis of survival data: time to event and event rate at a particular time can make a difference, an example based on head and neck cancer. Control Clin Trials. 2001;22(5):538–547
  31. Sylvester R, Collette L, Duchateau L. The role of meta-analyses in assessing cancer treatments. Eur J Cancer. 2000;36(11):1351–1358
  32. Parmar MKB, Torri V, Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Stat Med. 1998;17:2815–2834
  33. Whitehead A. Estimating treatment difference in an individual trial. In:  Whitehead A editors. Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2002;p. 23–56
  34. Ambrosch P, Freudenberg L, Kron M, Steiner W. Selective neck dissection in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the upper digestive tract. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1996;253(6):329–335
  35. Byers RM, Clayman GL, McGill D, et al. Selective neck dissections for squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: patterns of regional failure. Head Neck. 1999;21(6):499–505
  36. Clayman GL, Frank DK. Selective neck dissection of anatomically appropriate levels is as efficacious as modified radical neck dissection for elective treatment of the clinically negative neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998;124(3):348–352
  37. Davidson J, Khan Y, Gilbert R, Birt BD, Balogh J, MacKenzie R. Is selective neck dissection sufficient treatment for the N0/Np+ neck?. J Otolaryngol. 1997 Aug;26(4):229–231
  38. Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. Selective lateral neck dissection for laryngeal cancer in the clinically negative neck: is it justified?. J Laryngol Otol. 1998;112(10):921–924
  39. Houck JR, Medina JE. Management of cervical lymph nodes in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. Semin Surg Oncol. 1995;11(3):228–239
  40. Myers EN, Fagan JF. Management of the neck in cancer of the larynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1999;108(9):828–832
  41. Pellitteri PK, Robbins KT, Neuman T. Expanded application of selective neck dissection with regard to nodal status. Head Neck. 1997;19(4):260–265
  42. Pitman KT, Johnson JT, Myers EN. Effectiveness of selective neck dissection for management of the clinically negative neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;123(9):917–922
  43. Spiro RH, Gallo O, Shah JP. Selective jugular node dissection in patients with squamous carcinoma of the larynx or pharynx. Am J Surg. 1993;166(4):399–402
  44. Cagli S, Yuce I, Yigitbasi OG, Guney E. Is routine bilateral neck dissection absolutely necessary in the management of N0 neck in patients with supraglottic carcinoma?. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;264(12):1453–1457
  45. Ferlito A, Partridge M, Brennan J, Hamakawa H. Lymph node micrometastases in head and neck cancer: a review. Acta Otolaryngol. 2001;121(6):660–665
  46. Genden EM, Ferlito A, Bradley PJ, Rinaldo A, Scully C. Neck disease and distant metastases. Oral Oncol. 2003;39(3):207–212
  47. Devaney SL, Ferlito A, Rinaldo A, Devaney KO. Pathologic detection of occult metastases in regional lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000;120(3):344–349
  48. Ferlito A, Devaney KO, Devaney SL, Rinaldo A. What is the incidence of occult metastasis in patients with stage N(0) cancers of the head and neck?. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2001;63(1):1–5
  49. Ferlito A, Rinaldo A. False negative conventional histology of lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2000;62(2):112–114
  50. Becker MT, Shores CG, Yu KK, Yarbrough WG. Molecular assay to detect metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(1):21–27
  51. Elsheikh MN, Rinaldo A, Hamakawa H, et al. Importance of molecular analysis in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2006;28(9):842–849

PII: S0748-7983(08)00134-0

doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2008.04.001

European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 35, Issue 3 , Pages 223-229 , March 2009