Hepatic complications following preoperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin or irinotecan for hepatic colorectal metastases

Abstract 

Aims

The aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge in relation to the development of chemotherapy associated steatohepatitis (CASH) and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) occurring following the administration of irinotecan and oxaliplatin respectively to patients with colorectal liver metastases and also to highlight potential concerns relating to other new agents.

Methods

An electronic search was performed of the medical literature using the MEDLINE database to identify relevant articles related to the incidence, aetiology, pathology and effects of CASH and SOS outcome in patients undergoing hepatic resection.

Results

CASH and SOS are relatively common findings in liver resection specimens following the administration of irinotecan and oxaliplatin-based regimes being reported in up to 50% and 20% of cases respectively. Whilst the aetiology and pathological changes are well-described, the relationship between the presence of these pathologies and outcomes is less well defined. The data in relation to SOS following oxaliplatin is limited but there may be an increased morbidity associated with the presence of SOS. There is significantly more evidence that the presence of CASH is associated with an increased morbidity and possibly mortality following hepatic resection as a result of the development of liver failure. Further studies are required to clarify these early observations.

Conclusions

The frequent identification of distinct pathological entities in association with oxaliplatin and irinotecan chemotherapy means that patients undergoing liver resection following treatment with these agents should be carefully monitored to accurately determine the morbidity and mortality attributable to the use of these agents. Furthermore, additional studies are required to clarify risk factors for the development of CASH and SOS so that certain regimens can be avoided in at risk populations thus reducing hepatic damage and increasing the chances of cure and survival following liver resection.

Keywords: Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatits, Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, Chemotherapy, Colorectal liver metastases, Liver resection