European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 129-134 , February 2008

Avoidance of axillary lymph node dissection in selected patients with node-positive breast cancer

  • M. Noguchi

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTel.: +88 76 265 2009; fax: +88 76 234 4275.

,Accepted 30 March 2007.

References 

  1. Rubio IT. Positive sentinel lymph node: new controversies regarding axillary node dissection. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93:517–518
  2. Fisher B, Jeong JH, Anderson S, Bryant J, Fisher ER, Wolmark N. Twenty-five-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing radical mastectomy, total mastectomy, and total mastectomy followed by irradiation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(8):567–575
  3. Noguchi M, Miwa K, Michigishi T, et al. The role of axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer management. Breast Cancer. 1997;4:143–153
  4. Greco M, Agresti R, Cascinelli N, et al. Breast cancer patients treated without axillary surgery: clinical implications and biologic analysis. Ann Surg. 2000;232:1–7
  5. Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER, et al. Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:674–681
  6. Noguchi M, Katev N, Miyazaki I. Diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1996;40:283–293
  7. Somasundar P, Gass J, Steihoff M, et al. Role of ultrasound-guided axillary fine-needle aspiration in the management of invasive breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2006;192:458–461
  8. Recht PP, Connolly JL, Schnitt SJ, et al. Conservative surgery and radiation therapy for early breast cancer; results, controversies, and unsolved problems. Semin Oncol. 1986;13:434–449
  9. Fisher B, Brown A, Mammounas E, et al. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B-18. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:2483–2493
  10. Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Brambilla C, et al. Primary chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: eight-year experience at the Milan cancer institute. J Clin Onocol. 1998;16:93–100
  11. Kuerer HM, Sahin AA, Hunt KK, et al. Incidence and impact of documented eradication of breast cancer axillary lymph node metastases before surgery in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Surg. 1999;230:72–78
  12. Mamounas EP, Fisher B. Preoperative chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 2000;103:137–155
  13. Noguchi M, Tsugawa K, Kawahara F, et al. Dye-guided sentinel lymphadenectomy in clinically node-negative and node-positive breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer. 1998;5:381–387
  14. Mamounas EP, Brown A, Anderson S, et al. Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: results from national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project B-27. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:2694–2702
  15. Carter CL, Allen C, Henson D. Relation of tumor size, lymph node status and survival in 24,740 breast cancer cases. Cancer. 1989;63:181–187
  16. Lang JE, Esserman LJ, Ewing CA, et al. Accuracy of selective sentinel lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: effect of clinical node status at presentation. Am Coll Surg. 2004;199:856–862
  17. Jones JL, Zabicki K, Christian RL, et al. A comparison of sentinel node biopsy before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: timing is important. Am J Surg. 2005;190:517–520
  18. Schwartz GF, Giuliano AE, Veronesi U, et al. Proceedings of consensus conference on the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in carcinoma of the breast. April 2001, Philadelphia, PA. Hum Pathol. 2002;33:579–589
  19. In:  Sobin LH,  Wittekind Ch editor. TNM classification of malignant tumors. 6th ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 2002;
  20. Adair F, Berg J, Joubert L, Robbins GF. Long-term follow-up of breast cancer patients; the 30-year report. Cancer. 1974;33:1145–1150
  21. Chu KU, Turner RR, Hansen NM, et al. Do all patients with sentinel node metastasis from breast carcinoma need complete axillary node dissection?. Ann Surg. 1999;229:536–541
  22. Reynolds C, Mick R, Donohue JH, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with metastases: can axillary dissection be avoided in some patients with breast cancer?. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:1720–1726
  23. Viale G, Maiorano E, Pruneri G, et al. Predicting the risk for additional axillary metastases in patients with breast carcinoma and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Am Surg. 2005;241:319–325
  24. Menes TS, Tartter PI, Mizrachi H, et al. Breast cancer patients with pN0(i+) and pN1(mi) sentinel nodes have high rate of nonsentinel node metastases. J Am Surg. 2005;200:323–327
  25. Takei H, Suemasu K, Kurosumi M, et al. Recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy with or without axillary lymph node dissection in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2007;14:16–24
  26. Wong JS, Recht A, Beard CJ, et al. Treatment outcome after tangential radiation therapy without axillary dissection in patients with early-stage breast cancer and clinically negative axillary nodes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1997;39:915–920
  27. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy: 133 randomised trials involving 31,000 recurrences and 24,000 deaths among 75,000 women. Lancet. 1992;339:71–85
  28. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 1998;351:1451–1467
  29. White RL, Wilke LG. Update on the NSABP and ACOSOG breast cancer sentinel node trials. Am Surg. 2004;70:420–424
  30. Rutgers EJ Th, Meijnen P, Bonnefoi H, et al. Clinical trial update of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Group. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004;6:165–169
  31. Dowlatshali K, Fan M, Snider HC, Habib FA. Lymph node micrometastases from breast carcinoma: reviewing the dilemma. Cancer. 1997;80:1188–1197
  32. Cserni G, Gregori D, Merletti F, et al. Meta-analysis of non-sentinel node metastases associated with micrometastatic sentinel nodes in breast caner. Br J Surg. 2004;91:1245–1252
  33. Viale G, Maiorano E, Mazzarol G, et al. Histologic detection and clinical implications of micrometastases in axillary sentinel lymph nodes for patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2001;92:1378–1384
  34. den Bakker MA, van Weeszenberg A, de Kanter AY, et al. Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in patients with breast cancer and sentinel node micrometastasis: too early to abandon axillary clearance. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:932–935
  35. Degnim AC, Griffith KA, Sabel MS, et al. Clinicopathologic features of metastasis in nonsentinel lymph nodes of breast carcinoma patients. Cancer. 2003;98:2307–2315
  36. Smidt ML, Janssen CMM, Kuster DM, et al. Axillary recurrence after a negative sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer: incidence and clinical significance. Ann Surg Oncol. 2005;12:29–33
  37. Noguchi M. Is it necessary to perform prospective randomized studies before sentinel node biopsy can replace routine axillary dissection?. Breast Cancer. 2003;10:179–187
  38. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, et al. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. New York (NY): Springer-Verlag; 2002;
  39. Singletary SE, Greene FL, Sobin LH. Classification of isolated tumor cells: clarification of the 6th edition of the American Joint Committee on cancer staging manual. Cancer. 2003;98:2740–2741
  40. Weaver DL. Sentinel lymph nodes and breast carcinoma: which micrometastases are clinically significant?. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:842–845
  41. Cserni G. Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer and its implications for histopathological examination. Histopathology. 2005;46:697–706
  42. Katz A, Niemierko A, Gage I, et al. Can axillary dissection be avoided in patients with sentinel lymph node metastases?. J Surg Oncol. 2006;93:550–558
  43. Calhoun KE, Hansen NM, Turner RR, Giuliano AE. Nonsentinel node metastases in breast cancer patients with isolated tumor cells in the sentinel node: implications for completion axillary node dissection. Am J Surg. 2005;190:588–591
  44. Katz A, Gage I, Evans S, et al. Sentinel lymph node positivity of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or microinvasive breast cancer. Am J Surg. 2006;191:761–766
  45. Lara JF, Young SM, Velilla RE, Santoro EJ, Templeton SF. The relevance of occult axillary micrometastases in ductal carcinoma in situ: a clinicopathologic study with long-term follow-up. Cancer. 2003;98:2105–2113
  46. Pendas S, Dauway E, Giuliano R, Ku N, Cox CE, Reintgen DS. Sentinel node biopsy in ductal carcinoma in situ patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2000;7:15–20

PII: S0748-7983(07)00167-9

doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2007.03.026

European Journal of Surgical Oncology
Volume 34, Issue 2 , Pages 129-134 , February 2008